## **Summary Chapter 06 - 1914 - Dr. Montessori’s Own Handbook** ### **Short Summary** This chapter from Dr. Montessori's Own Handbook discusses the Montessori approach to teaching arithmetic to young children. It emphasizes the use of concrete materials, such as rods and cubes, to develop a clear understanding of numbers and mathematical operations. The chapter highlights the importance of providing hands-on experiences and gradually introducing abstract symbols and concepts.  ### **Facts** * The materials for the education of the senses provide a foundation for understanding quantity, identity, and difference, which are essential for numeration. * Three sets of materials are presented: pink cubes for teaching size, brown prisms for teaching thickness, and green rods for teaching length. The relationship between the pieces in each set corresponds to the natural series of numbers. * The pink cubes represent the volumes of the series of numbers from one to ten, while the prisms represent the squares of the series of numbers. * The rods, divided into ten spaces and colored alternately red and blue, are used to introduce the concept of numbers. The child learns to count and recognize separate rods, gradually increasing the numbers. * The use of concrete materials, such as rods and cubes, helps children develop a clear understanding of numbers and mathematical operations. * The transition from concrete materials to abstract symbols is facilitated by using sandpaper figures and number cards. * Various exercises are introduced, including grouping objects according to the number they represent and using an arithmetic frame to understand tens and multiples of ten. > ##### **The license of this page:** > > This page is part of the “**Montessori Restoration and Translation Project**”. > > Please [support](https://ko-fi.com/montessori) our “**All-Inclusive Montessori Education for All 0-100+ Worldwide**” initiative. We create open, free, and affordable resources available for everybody interested in Montessori Education. We transform people and environments to be authentic Montessori worldwide. 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